JOSHUA NORTON. Signature: "faithfully/yours/Norton I./Emperor.", 3½ x 2½. Businessman Joshua Norton (1811-1880), who arrived in San Francisco during the 1849 Gold Rush, made over $250,000 in one year. He capitalized on land investments and tried to corner the market on rice. With eggs selling for $1.00 each, rice seemed a sure investment; however, incoming ships brought tons more, dropping prices. By 1853, Norton was bankrupt. Six years later, he re-emerged with a bizarre advertisement in the San Francisco "Evening Bulletin": "…I, Joshua Norton…declare and proclaim myself Emperor of these United States…and Protector of Mexico". The citizens who took notice at all thought it was a joke, but Norton himself never realized that they did not take him seriously. The Commander of Presidio, the army garrison, donated a uniform to him. Others gave him free meals, the city presented him to Emperor Dom Pedro II in 1876, and soon the booming city loved their unconventional character.As final tribute, San Francisco placed a monument declaring him "Norton I. Emperor". Slightly creased. Lightly soiled at lower margin. Fine condition.

HENRY FORD and HARRY FERGUSON Extraordinary photograph capturing the two innovators together. Rare Photograph signed: "Henry Ford" and "Harry Ferguson". Sepia, 13¾ x 11 overall, image 11 x 8 (one surface). HARRY FERGUSON, a manufacturer of tractors in England and Ireland, developed the Ferguson tractor, a scale model of which is shown on the table in this photograph. His system of tractor-implement integration utilized a hitch, the linkages, and controls of which made the tractor and implement work as a single unit operated almost entirely from the seat of the tractor. Seeking an American market for his product, Ferguson entered into an agreement with HENRY FORD and the Ford Motor Company. Ford, who had formed Ford Motor Company in 1903 and was noted for introducing the successful assembly-line method of production, was to manufacture and market the Ferguson tractor in the U.S. The company commenced making the tractors in 1938, but the agreement was terminated after WWII. Ferguson then began manufacturing his own equipment in Great Britain and the U.S.

VOLTAIRE Signed letter from Paris written just weeks before his death in 1778, fearing that hypocritical priests will deny him a church burial. This letter to the Count of Rochefort, written in fine French (fully translated) and in a beautiful hand, shows that the sage had lost none of his mental acuity Letter signed: "V", 2 pages (integral leaf) 4½x7 folded, 9x7 open flat. Paris, 1778 April 16. To the Comte de Rochefort. In French, fully translated: "I must apologize for having written so formally to Madame Dix-Neuf Ans ["Nineteen Years"]. I apologize for taking so long to thank you for your pleasant letter, sir, but I have had lately a very violent fever, following two fatal illnesses from which I escaped. I think that Monsieur the Abbey of Beauregard, preacher of Versailles, so-called former Jesuit, would willingly refuse me a burial, which is very unfair, because they say that I would not ask for more than to bury him; and he owes me, it seems, the same courtesy. I do not think whatsoever that the master and mistress of the house mocked this abbey of Beauregard.

CLARA BARTON Eloquently demands protection of the Red Cross symbol. Manuscript Signed: "Clara Barton" circa 1893, three typed pages, 8 x 10½. American Association of the Red Cross President Barton issues a call for a meeting of the Official Advisory Board to consider the protection of the Red Cross Insignia. Her fight had begun shortly after the First Geneva Convention attended by governments from around the world in 1864. Barton fought for the U.S. Congress to ratify the Convention but fearing foreign entanglements the government would not ratify and acknowledge the Convention until 18 years later. After the chartering of the society in 1882, the charitable and international neutral symbol was also used for everything from snake oils, cigars, alcoholic beverages and later, her fiercest adversary, the burgeoning conglomerate Johnson & Johnson Company. This overwhelming misuse and lack of congressional action led Barton to call the first meeting of the association's Board in 1893. Ultimately, the Red Cross would receive limited protection with the organization's official chartering in 1900. Barton's manuscript, in part: "...

CHAIM WEIZMANN and OTHER COMMUNITY LEADERS Supporters of the Melchett Memorial Fund signed this letter to the editor of The Times in 1933 Typed Letter Signed: “Percy W. Greenaway”, “R. Blumenfeld”, “Mount Temple”, “G. Midlowsky”, “Ch. Higham”, “H. Austin”, “Ebbisham”, “H. C. Nathan”, "Barnett Janner”, “W. J. O'Donovan M.D. M.P.”, "C. Weizmann", “Ethel Snowden”, “Hugo Hirst”, “H. Newman” and one unidentified. Two pages. 7½x9¾. London, E. 1. Christian Street. Dated March 21, 1933. On imprinted letterhead to The Editor, The Times, E.C.. In full: "We should feel indebted if you will through your columns afford us the opportunity of informing the public and those of your readers who knew the late Lord Melchett and the many kind things he did during his life, that it is proposed to raise a Fund to establish a Memorial to him.

CHAIM WEIZMANN Typed letter in Hebrew, signed as President of Israel, thanking a retiring cabinet minister: "my friend and dear teacher" Yehuda Leib Fishman (Maimon). TLS: "Chaim Weizmann" in Hebrew as President of Israel, 1 page, 6½x8¾. No place, 1951 October 8. On letterhead of the State of Israel to the Honorable Rabbi Yehuda Leib Fishman (Maimon). In Hebrew, translated. In full: "It is not a parable to tell you your honor, my friend and dear teacher, that I have the privilege to work with you for more than 20 years, and I recognize and respect your actions for more than 40 years. Today, when you leave the table of government, I tell you what is in my heart. I don't know anyone from the senior office of the Zionist Movement that awakens in me more honor in his beliefs than you." A carbon copy of this letter was sent to Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. Russian-born chemist and Zionist CHAIM WEIZMANN (1874-1952) was

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER and HENRY FLAGLER. Stock certificate signed by company founder Rockefeller, not long after the oil giant became a trust. Stock Certificate signed: "J.D. Rockefeller" as President, "H M Flagler" as Secretary and "J A Bostwick" as Treasurer of the Standard Oil Trust, 1p, 11½x7¼ with 4¼x7¼ receipt portion attached at left. New York, 1883 October 13. Certifying that "Frank Edward Bliss is entitled to Fifty Shares in the equity to the property held by the Trustees of the Standard Oil Trust...." Each share was valued at $100. On verso, this certificate was transferred on June 25, 1891 by "Frank Edward Bliss/per Elijah Bliss Atty".Witnessed: "George R. Blair". The Standard Oil Trust, created in January 1882,placed all stocks and properties of over a dozen oil companies (including JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER's Standard Oil Company of Ohio) into a trust, of whichRockefeller owned over a third of the combined holdings, under the control of nine trustees.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE "The Lady of the Lamp" thanks a patron for gifts of food and details plans for her summer holiday. Autograph Letter Signed: "F. Nightingale" in pencil, 4p, 4¼ x 7. 10 South Street,/Park Lane W. [London],1891 July 29. To Mrs. Robertson. In full with grammatical errors: "I was so sorry for Mr. Robertson's Influenza -- I trust he is quite recovered - & that you are pretty well. Thank you for all the Hampers. Every thing has done well but the cream, for which the weather was too hot. Thank you for everything. After Saturday please not to send anything here unless you are so good as to send grass & a few flowers. I am going to Embley, my old home for 2 or 3 weeks And then Sir Harry & Mrs Verney are so good as to press my coming to Claydn But don't let the eggs you have been so good as to collect run down, if that is inconvenient to you. If more convenient to you, they might still come here. & be given away from here, till further notice - I am thankful Sir Harry is so well - I can have the usual Bank Holiday & School doings. The Nurses were so pleased with their day. God's blessings on you all.

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER and HENRY FLAGLER The businessmen who retired in the same year signed this stock certificate concerning 20 shares Stock Certificate signed: "J.D. Rockefeller" as President, "H M Flagler" as Secretary and "JA Bostwick" as Treasurer, 15x7½. New York, 1883 August 10. Certificate No. 713 certifying "that Walter B. Mossman is entitled to Twenty Shares in the equity to the property held by the Trustees of the Standard Oil Trust...." Original transfer certificate, dated 1892 April 9, affixed ?. Each share was valued at $100. Vignette of the U.S. Capitol building at top center, giving the shareholder the false impression that the U.S. government had something to do with the Trust. John D. Rockefeller and Henry M. Flagler, as President and Secretary of the Board of Trustees, signed this 10-share certificate of the Standard Oil Trust in 1883, the year following the formation of this, the first industrial monopoly in U.S. history.