ADOLF HITLER and RUDOLF SCHMUNDT Typed promotion order signed by Hitler, countersigned by a general killed 9 months later by the bomb intended to kill Hitler Typed DS: "A Hitler" as Führer and "Schmundt" as Lieutenant General, Chief of Army Personnel, 2½ pages, 8½x11½ . Führer Headquarters, 1943 October (no day). Headed: "In the Name of the German People!" Promotions of Major Generals Melzer, Krause, Volckamer von Kirchensittenbach and Lüdecke to Lieutenant Generals and Colonels Freiherr von Pechmann, von Plehwe and Herfurth to Major Generals. On July 20, 1944, nine months after Hitler and Schmundt signed this document, a bomb exploded at Hitler's secret headquarters in an assassination attempt by a group of his senior officers. Hitler was slightly hurt. Rudolf Schmundt was killed. Lightly creased. Numerous pinpoint-size impressions, probably impressions of periods, in the type. Fine condition. read more...

JEFFERSON DAVIS and JUDAH P. BENJAMIN As Confederate President and Secretary of War, both signed this printed document on vellum, commissioning privateers to wage war against the US on the high seas. This copy was signed but never used. Printed early in the war, it includes a handwritten correction of the location of the CSA capital, with Montgomery struck out and Richmond written in. Partly Printed DS: "Jefferson Davis" as President of the Confederate States of America and "J.P. Benjamin" as Secretary of State, 1 page, 16½x11¾. On vellum. Montgomery Richmond, 1864 January 8. In full, with blanks not filled in: "Know Ye, That by virtue of the power vested in my by law, I have commissioned, and do hereby commission, have authorized, and do hereby authoriz[e]____or vessel called the_____ [missing] particularly described in the schedule hereunto annexed,) read more...

HAYM SALOMON The political financier and business man pens his signature on this promissory note/bill of exchange for $1776.05! Promissory Note Signed: "Haym Salomon" and "Robert Morris" 4x7½ page. In full: "Good for 3000___Philadelphia, 6 27 may___/ ___/___ ___ ___/days of sight you will like to pay by this fourth exchange the first/ a second and third only, to monsieur  Haym Solamon/No 28/ or a for order the ___ ___ ___ ___/ received value that will pafferez the opinion of/ your very humble servant " Salomon began his journey by joining the secret organization Sons of Liberty. This organization was put in place to fight against the British Government for taxation. Salomon was then arrested as a spy in 1776. He was placed on a boat with Hessian soldiers and used as in interpreter. In this time, he decided to use this to his advantage and help prisoners escape the British, he was arrested again, in which he escaped. Salomon resettled in Philadelphia. While working as a broker he became the paymaster and consul for the French forces. He then met Robert Morris in 1781 and began working with the finances for the Thirteen Colonies. read more...

FOUR STARS WORN BY GENERAL SCHWARZKOPF!   H. NORMAN SCHWARZKOPF. TLS: "N Schwarzkopf" as General, U.S. Army, Retired. 1p, 7x8½. Tampa, Florida, 1998 April 16. To Ken. In full: "This is in response to your letter of 15 February in which you asked that I send you a piece of memorabilia. Enclosed is one set of the stars that I wore during the time I was a general officer. I hope it will find a place in your extensive collection." General Schwarzkopf has added the word "set" in his hand and the four silver stars (one set) is present. Each star is approximately one square inch in size. Almost immediately after receiving his first star in 1983, Brigadier General Schwarzkopf was leading troops into battle. A coup had taken place on the tiny Caribbean island of Grenada. Grenadian revolutionaries were building an airfield which U.S. intelligence suspected would be used to supply insurgents in Central America. General Schwarzkopf was placed in command of U.S. ground forces. The coup was thwarted. Schwarzkopf was promoted to Major General (second star) and given command of the 24th Mechanized Infantry Division, at Fort Stewart, Georgia. read more...

JAMES LONGSTREET Items from the general's order book during the Suffolk campaign of May 1863, seeking to locate General Hood and ordering prompt movement of "every serviceable horse in the City of Petersburg". With his corps detached from Lee's army, Longstreet captured vital supplies but missed the Battle of Chancellorsville. Longstreet's conduct in this campaign aroused heated debate after the war. Matted and framed to 9½x15. Autograph Document signed three times: "J Longstreet", 2 pages, 6½x8½. Richmond, Virginia, 1863 May 6. A series of entries from Longstreet's military order book, detailing commands to be sent to subordinates, signed by Longstreet himself. The pages contain three separate communications. In the first, Longstreet asks one of his captains, in part: "What arms and ammunitions do you need? In the second, he inquires about one of his division commanders. In part: "Is Gen. Hood in Petersburg? If he is [illegible] with him at the office of the operator that he may receive there ... read more...

JAMES GARFIELD The 20th President of the United States signed this 5¾x2¾ piece of paper less than two months before being assassinated in office. Signature: "James A. Garfield/May 21 1881" 5¾x2¾ piece of paper. James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) rose to the rank of Major General in the U.S. Army during the Civil War, participating in the battles of Shiloh and Chickamauga, before resigning his commission to take a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives (1863-1880). A political moderate, Garfield was the compromise choice of a deadlocked Republican Convention in 1880, nominated on the 36th ballot and elected President by a narrow margin. Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker helped advance the cause of civil service reform which he had advocated. Shot on July 2 1881, Garfield died on September 19, only 200 days into his term. Signatures of Garfield as President, are thus extremely rare. Fine condition. Previously authenticated by PSA/DNA. read more...

FIDEL CASTRO Three weeks after gaining power, Castro signs a typed document authorizing transfer of documents and data to one of his lieutenants. Important Typed DS: "Fidel Castro", 1 page, 8½x11. Fortaleza de La Cabaña, Havana 1959 January 30. In Spanish. "From: Dr. Fidel Castro Ruz/To: All the Ministries". In full: "It is authorized to Captain Dr. ANTONIO NUÑEZ JIMENEZ to remove collections and documents and data to him, necessary for plans of the REVOLUTION." Dr. ANTONIO NUÑEZ JIMENEZ (1923-1998) served under Che Guevera in the revolution which brought Castro to power. He later organized geographic expeditions to locations around the world including the North Pole, Antarctica, the Andes, Amazon, Galapagos Islands and Africa. FIDEL CASTRO marched into Havana on January 9, 1959 and became Cuba's new leader. Fulgencio Batista had fled Cuba on January 1, 1959, after his government was overthrown by an armed revolt. After the fall of Batista, the Constitution of Cuba of 1940 remained in force for a very short period. It was almost immediately replaced by the Basic Law of February 7, 1959. read more...

GEORGE WASHINGTON Four years before he took command of American forces at Boston, the future President signs a receipt for the purchase of oyster shells Receipt signed in text: "George Washington", 1 page, 6½x2½. Matted and framed to an overall size of 13¼x20½. No place, 1771 July 10. In a business dealing with an illiterate man, Washington writes his own name and also the name of the oyster dealer, next to the latter's mark. In full: "Received from George Washington One pound seven shillings and three pence in full for the within shells. Chas his mark [showing] Lewis". Also docked by Washington at right margin: "No. 68 Ch Lewis/L1"7"0/10 July 1771/L". George Washington (1732-1799), who became known as the "Father of His Country", set precedents for future Presidents by limiting his service as first U.S. President to two terms, and - indeed - by refusing to seek a kingship. A delegate to the Continental Congress from Virginia (1774-1775) and member of the U.S. read more...

WILLIAM F. "BUFFALO BILL" CODY 6¾x9 black and white photograph mount with an exceptional quality image of the western icon, signed "W.F Cody, 'Buffalo Bill'" Inscribed Photograph Mount signed: "W.F Cody,/"Buffalo Bill"/To- W.S. Metz", B/w 6½x8 image, 6¾x9 overall. Photographer imprint at lower mount reading: "Prince/Parisian Panel/31 Union Square. New York/Penna Ave. & 11th St. Washington D.C." William Frederick Cody (1846-1917) earned the name "Buffalo Bill" for killing thousands of buffalo as a hired hunter in 1867 and 1868. Cody had begun his Wild West career herding cattle at age nine. Five years later, he became the Pony Express' youngest rider. Throughout the Civil War, Cody worked as a government scout, extracting from life and the West all it had to offer. His western notoriety grew with his adventures, including those during the Sioux War, in which he purportedly fought a duel with Chief Yellow Hand. Cody's theatrical career was launched that same year with his re-enactments of such Indian battles. read more...